Process for the silylation of 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
 
R 1  and R 2  are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, NH 2 , NHR 3 , NR 3   2 , NO 2 , NHCOR 3 , C 1 - to C 20  -alkyl, C 1 - to C 20 -hydroxyalkyl, C 2 - to C 20 -alkenyl, C 1 - to C 20 -alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl and
 
R 3  is C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl, C 3 - to C 12 -cycloalkyl, C 4  to C 30 -alkylcycloalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl,
 
with silanes, by reacting silanes of the general formula (ID
 
       X—SiH(R 4 R 5 )   (II),
 
     in which
 
X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine
 
R 4  and R 5  are each independently C 1 - to C 20 -alkyl, C 1 - to C 20 -hydroxyalkyl, C 1 - to C 20 -haloalkyl, C 2 - to C 20 -alkenyl, C 1 - to C 20 -alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C 1 - to C 8 -alkyl, in the presence of a base.

The present invention relates to a method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines by reacting 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines with specific silanes in the presence of a base.

A two-stage process for the complete silylation of melamine or 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-trazine a) by reaction with trimethylchlorosilane and triethylamine and b) by reaction with butyllithium and dimethylchlorosilane is known from Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2002, 5(7), pages 516 to 518. For melamine, this process leads to a yield of 58% in the first stage and to a yield of 55% in the second stage, resulting in an overall yield of ca. 32%. In the case of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, this process leads to a yield of 84% in the first stage and to a yield of 87% in the second stage, resulting in an overall yield of ca. 73%. The yields for both the partial and for the complete silylation are unsatisfactory.

Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii 49(5), 1057-60 (1979) report heating melamine and tetramethyldisilazane (Me₂HSi)₂NH at 110 to140° C. for 8h in the presence of ammonium sulfate. This leads to various mixtures of N-bridged SiMe₂H triazines in yields of 72.5%. The yield of the silylation is unsatisfactory.

The object of the present invention was therefore to overcome the abovementioned disadvantages.

Accordingly, a novel and improved method has been found for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I)

in which

R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, NH₂, NHR³, NR³ _(2,) NO₂, NHCOR³, C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₁- to C₂₀-hydroxyalkyl, C₂- to C₂₀-alkenyl, C₁- to C₂₀-alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl and

R³ is C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₃- to C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₄ to C₃₀-alkylcycloalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl,

with silanes, wherein silanes of the general formula (II)

X—SiH(R⁴R⁵)   (II),

in which

X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine

R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₁- to C₂₀-hydroxyalkyl, C₁- to C₂₀-haloalkyl, C₂- to C₂₀-alkenyl, C₁- to C₂₀-alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl.

are reacted in the presence of a base.

The residues/substituents of the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) and of the silanes of the general formula (II) are given below:

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, each independently

-   -   C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, preferably C₁- to C₈-alkyl, particularly         preferably C₁- to C₄-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,         isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl,         particularly methyl and ethyl,     -   R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ each independently aryl optionally         substituted with Cl- to C₈-alkyl, preferably aryl optionally         mono- to trisubstituted with C₁- to C₄-alkyl, such as phenyl,         1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, o-methylphenyl, m-methylphenyl,         p-methylphenyl, o-/p-dimethylphenyl, particularly preferably         phenyl optionally mono- or disubstituted with C₁- to C₂-alkyl,         such as phenyl, o-methylphenyl, m-methylphenyl, p-methylphenyl,         o-/p-dimethylphenyl.

R⁴ and R⁵ each independently

-   -   C₁- to C₂₀-haloalkyl, preferably C₁- to C₈-haloalkyl,         particularly preferably C₁- to C₄-haloalkyl, such as         fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl. chloromethyl,         dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl. bromomethyl, dibromomethyl,         tribromomethyl, iodomethyl, particularly chloromethyl,         dichloromethyl and trichloromethyl.

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ each independently

-   -   hydrogen, with the proviso that R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are not         simultaneously hydrogen,

R¹ and R² each independently

-   -   hydroxyl,     -   NH₂,     -   NHR³,     -   NR³ ₂,     -   NO₂,     -   NHCOR³,

R¹, R², R⁴ and R⁵ each independently

-   -   C₁- to C₂₀-hydroxyalkyl, preferably C₁- to C₈-hydroxyalkyl,         particularly preferably C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkyl, such as         hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl, particularly         hydroxymethyl and hydroxyethyl,     -   C₂- to C₂₀-alkenyl, preferably C₂- to C₈-alkenyl, particularly         preferably C₂- to C₄-alkenyl, such as ethenyl, propenyl and         butenyl, particularly 1-ethenyl,     -   C₁- to C₂₀-alkoxy, preferably C₁- to C₈-alkoxy, particularly         preferably C₁- to C₄-alkoxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,         isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy and sec-butoxy, particularly         methoxy and ethoxy,     -   aryloxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl, preferably         aryloxy optionally mono- to trisubstituted with C₁- to C₄-alkyl,         such as phenoxy, 1-naphthoxy, 2-naphthoxy, o-methylphenoxy,         m-methylphenoxy, p-methylphenoxy and o-/p-dimethylphenoxy,         particularly preferably phenoxy optionally mono- or         disubstituted with C₁- to C₂-alkyl, such as phenoxy,         o-methylphenoxy, m-methylphenoxy, p-methylphenoxy and         o-/p-dimethylphenoxy,

R³

-   -   C₃- to C₁₂-cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,         cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl,         cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl and cyclodocecyl, preferably C₃- to         C₈-cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,         cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl, preferably C₅-, C₆- and         C₈-cycloalkyl such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl,         cycloalkyl substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl, particularly         preferably C₃- to C₈-cycloalkyl substituted with C₁- to         C₈-alkyl, such as 2-methylcyclopentyl and 2-methylcyclohexyl,

R⁶, R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ each independently

-   -   C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl, preferably C₁- to C₈-alkyl, particularly         preferably C₁- to C₄-alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,         isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl,         particularly methyl and ethyl,

R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ together

-   -   ═CR⁹—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—CR¹²═CR¹³— or     -   ═CR⁹—NH—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—.

The method according to the invention may be carried out as follows:

The 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines (I) and the solvent may be charged simultaneously or in any sequence, the base is added and then the compounds (II). The combining of the reaction mixture may generally be carried out at temperatures of (−5) to 30° C., preferably 5 to 25° C., particularly preferably 10 to 25° C., particularly room temperature, the addition of the base preferably at (−5) to 10° C., particularly preferably 0 to 5° C., and at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 bar, preferably 0.1 to 2 bar, preferably standard pressure (atmospheric pressure). The reaction may generally be carried out at temperatures of 35 to 110° C., preferably 50 to 90° C., particularly preferably 67 to 81° C., particularly under reflux and at a pressure of 0,01 to 10 bar, preferably 0.1 to 2 bar, preferably standard pressure (atmospheric pressure).

Suitable 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (1) are melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine), ammeline (4,6-diamino-2-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine), ammelide (6-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine), 2-amino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-substituted 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazines, 2-substituted 4-amino-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazines, melam (N2-[4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine).

Suitable silanes of the general formula (II) are diorganohalosilanes, for example dialkylhalosilanes, diarylhalosilanes and diorganochlorosilanes such as dimethylhalosilanes, diethylhalosilanes, dipropylhalosilanes, dibutylhalosilanes, diphenylhalosilanes, dimethylchlorosilanes, diethylchlorosilanes, dipropylchlorosilanes, dibutylchlorosilanes, diphenylchlorosilanes, diethylbromosilane, dipropylbromosilane and dibutylchlorosilane, preferably diorganochlorosilane and diorganobromosilane such as dimethylchlorosilane, diethylchlorosilane, dipropylchlorosilane, dibutylchlorosilane, diphenylchlorosilane, diethylbromosilane, dipropylbromosilane and dibutylchlorosilane, particularly preferably dimethylchlorosilane, diethylchlorosilane, diphenylchlorosilane and diethylbromosilane.

Suitable bases are primary, secondary and tertiary and also heterocyclic, aromatic amines of the general formula (Ill),

NR⁶ R⁷R⁸   (III),

in which

R⁶, R⁷, R⁸ are each independently hydrogen or C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl, with the proviso that R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are not simultaneously hydrogen, or are together ═CR⁹—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—CR¹²═CR¹³— or ═CR⁹—NH—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—,

R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are each independently hydrogen or C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl, particularly methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, methylethylamine, ethyldimethylamine, methyldiethylamine, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, imidazole and N-methylimidazole, preferably diethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, particularly preferably triethylamine and pyridine.

The molar ratio of silane of the general formula (II) to the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) is generally 12:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1 to 6:1, particularly preferably 9:1 to 6:1.

The molar ratio of the base to the silane of the general formula (II) is generally 1.2:1 to 0.5:1, preferably 1:1 to 0.5:1, particularly preferably 1:1 to 0.75:1.

The molar ratio of the base to the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) is generally 12:1 to 6:1, preferably 9:1 to 6:1, particularly preferably 7,5:1 to 6:1.

The silylated 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) are suitable as intermediates for flame retardants, melamine resins (sizes, impregnating resins, foams) or precursors for hard substance syntheses such as carbonitrides and catalytically active graphitic carbon nitrides or C/N/H materials and/or multinary carbide nitrides.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of 2,4,6-tris(tetramethyldisilazyl)-1,3,5-triazine

10 g (79 mmol) of melamine were charged under an argon atmosphere in a 0.5 liter glass flask which was evacuated and flushed with argon three times, 300 ml of acetonitrile were added, the flask was cooled to 0 to 5° C., 80.95 g (800 mmol) of triethylamine were added and 75.7 g (800 mmol) of dimethylchlorosilane were added dropwise over a period of 40 min, the mixture was heated under reflux for 15 h and the solid was removed after cooling by means of a Schlenk frit. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in 100 ml of n-hexane, the precipitated solid was again filtered off and the filtrate was freed from n-hexane under reduced pressure. 33.77 g (97%) of 2,4,6-tris(tetramethyldisilazyI)-1,3,5-triazine were obtained with a purity of 90% with 10% of the NH functions not silylated.

¹H NMR [CDCl₃]: 0.41, 0.46 ppm (CH₃); 4.35 ppm (NH); 4.78, 4.84 ppm (Si—H)

¹³C NMR [CDCl₃]: −1.8, 0.4 ppm (CH₃); 167.2, 170.4, 170.8 (triazine N)

²⁹Si NMR [CDCl₃]: 9.8, −12.0 ppm (Si)

Example 2

Preparation of N2-[4,6-di(tetramethyldisilazyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine

3 g (11.9 mmol) of melam were charged in a 0.25 liter glass flask under an argon atmosphere which was evacuated three times and flushed each time with argon, 150 ml of tetrahydrofuran were added, the flask was cooled to 0 to 5° C., 10.84 g (10.7 mmol) of triethylamine were added and 10.1 g (10.7 mmol) of dimethylchlorosilane were added dropwise over a period of 40 min, the mixture was heated under reflux for 15 h and the solid was removed after cooling by means of a Schlenk frit. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in 70 ml of n-hexane, the precipitated solid was again filtered off and the filtrate was freed from n-hexane under reduced pressure.

The highly viscous product was taken up again in 250 ml of tetrahydrofuran, 10.84 g (10.7 mmol) of triethylamine and 10.1 g (10.7 mmol) of dimethylchlorosilane were added, the mixture was heated under reflux for 8 h and the solid was removed after cooling by means of a Schlenk frit. The filtrate was concentrated analogously under reduced pressure, taken up in 70 ml of n-hexane, the solid was filtered off and the filtrate was freed from n-hexane under reduced pressure.

7.89 g (94%) of N2-[4,6-di(tetramethyldisilazyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine was obtained with few NH functions still present.

¹H NMR [CDCl₃]: 0.18-0.42 ppm (CH3); 4.61-4.88 ppm (NH, Si—H).

¹³C NMR [CDCl₃]: −1.0-1.2 ppm (CH₃); 167.1-171.0 ppm (triazine N)

²⁹Si NMR [CDCl₃]; −4.3, −11.3 ppm (Si) 

1. A method comprising silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of general formula (I) with silanes in the presence of a base to form a reaction mixture

in which R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, NH₂, NHR³, NR³ ₂, NO₂, NHCOR³, C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₁- to C₂₀-hydroxyalkyl, C₂- to C₂₀-alkenyl, C₁- to C₂₀-alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl, and R³ is C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₃- to C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₄ to C₃₀-alkylcycloalkyl, aryl optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl, and the silanes are of general formula (II) X—SiH(R⁴R⁵)   (II), in which X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, and R⁴ and R⁵ are each independently C₁- to C₂₀-alkyl, C₁- to C₂₀-hydroxyalkyl, C₁- to C₂₀- haloalkyl, C₂- to C₂₀-alkenyl, C₁- to C₂₀-alkoxy, aryl or aryloxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₈-alkyl.
 2. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein R¹ and R² are each independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, NH₂, NHR³, NR³ ₂, NO₂, NHCOR³, C₁- to C₈-alkyl, C₁- to C₈-hydroxyalkyl, C₂- to C₈-alkenyl, C₁- to C₈-alkoxy, phenyl or phenoxy optionally substituted with C₁- to C₄-alkyl and R³ is C₁- to C₈-alkyl, C₃- to C₈-cycloalkyl, C₄- to C₁₂-alkylcycloalkyl, phenyl optionally substituted with C₁- to C₄-alkyl.
 3. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein primary, secondary and tertiary and also heterocyclic, aromatic amines of the general formula (III) are used as the base NR⁶ R⁷R⁸   (III), in which R⁶, R⁷, R₈ are each independently hydrogen or C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl, with the proviso that R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are not simultaneously hydrogen, or are together ═CR⁹—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—CR¹²═CR¹³— or ═CR⁹—NH—CR¹⁰═CR¹¹—, R⁹, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently hydrogen or C₁- to C₁₀-alkyl.
 4. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines (I) and the solvent are charged simultaneously or in any sequence and the base and subsequently the silane is added.
 5. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture is formed at temperatures of (-5) to 30° C.
 6. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the base is added at a temperature of (−5) to 10° C.
 7. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the silylation reaction is conducted at temperatures of 35 to 110° C.
 8. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the silylation reaction is conducted under reflux.
 9. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the silylation reaction is conducted at a pressure of 0.01 to 10 bar.
 10. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein a molar ratio of silane (II) to the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines (I) is 12:1 to 6:1.
 11. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the base to the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines (I) is 12:1 to 6:1.
 12. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines of the general formula (I) is a compound selected from the group consisting of melamine (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine), ammeline (4,6-diamino-2-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazine), ammelide (6-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-1,3,5-triazine), 2-amino-1,3,5-triazine, 2-substituted 4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazines, 2-substituted 4-amino-6-hydroxy-1,3,5-triazines, and melam (N2-[4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine).
 13. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the silanes are diorganohalosilanes.
 14. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 13, wherein the silanes are selected from dialkylhalosilanes, diarylhalosilanes and or diorganochlorosilanes.
 15. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 13, wherein the silanes of the general formula (II) are selected from the group consisting of dimethylhalosilanes, diethylhalosilanes, dipropylhalosilanes, dibutylhalosilanes, diphenylhalosilanes, dimethylchlorosilanes, diethylchlorosilanes, dipropylchlorosilanes, dibutylchlorosilanes, diphenylchlorosilanes, diethylbromosilane, dipropylbromosilane and dibutylchlorosilane.
 16. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 13, wherein the silanes of the general formula (II) used are diorganochlorosilanes or diorganobromosilanes selected from dimethylchlorosilanes, diethylchlorosilanes, dipropylchlorosilanes, dibutylchlorosilanes, diphenylchlorosilanes, diethylbromosilane, dipropylbromosilane or dibutylchlorosilane.
 17. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 13, wherein the silanes are selected from dimethylchlorosilane, diethylchlorosilane, diphenylchlorosilane and or diethylbromosilane.
 18. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 1, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, methylethylamine, ethyldimethylamine, methyldiethylamine, pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, imidazole, N-methylimidazole or and mixtures thereof.
 19. The method for silylating 2-amino-1,3,5-triazines according to claim 18, wherein the silanes of the general formula (II) are selected from the group consisting of dimethylhalosilanes, diethylhalosilanes, dipropylhalosilanes, dibutylhalosilanes, diphenylhalosilanes, dimethylchlorosilanes, diethylchlorosilanes, dipropylchlorosilanes, dibutylchlorosilanes, diphenylchlorosilanes, diethylbromosilane, dipropylbromosilane and dibutylchlorosilane. 